RLC Series Circuit — Engineering Notes Online
The RLC Series Circuit is a circuit which consist of a pure resistance of R ohms, a pure inductance of L Henry and a pure capacitance of C farads connected together in series combination with each other.
voltage across R ,VR=IR where VR is in phase with I.
voltage across C, Vc=IXc where Vc lags I by 90°.
In the phasor diagram OA represents VR,AB represents VL and AC represents VC. It is seen that VL is in phase opposition to VC.It follows that the circuit can either be effectively inductive or capacitive depending upon which voltage (VL or VC) is pre dominant.
For the case considered ,VL>VC so that net voltage drop across L-C combination is (VL-VC )and is represented by AD.
Therefore ,the applied voltage V is the phasor sum of VR and VL-VC and represented by OD.
circuit power factor
since XL,XC and R are known and the phase angle Φ of the circuit can be determined .
Three case of RLC Series circuits
2.When XL-XC is negative(i.e XC>XL) phase angle Φ is negative and the circuit is capacitive. In such case the circuit current I leads the applied voltage V by Φ, the value of Φ being given by tanΦ.
3.When XL-XC is Zero(XL=XC) ,the circuit is purely resistive. In other words, circuit current I and applied voltage V will be in phase i.e Φ=0.The circuit will then have unity power factor.
If the equation for the applied voltage V=Vm sinwt ,then equation for the circuit current will be
The value of Φ will be positive or negative depending upon which reactance (Xl or XC) predominates.
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Originally published at https://engineeringnotesonline.com on September 27, 2020.